Today's most successful artificial intelligence algorithms, artificial neural networks, are loosely based on the intricate webs of real neural networks in our brains. But unlike our highly efficient brains, running these algorithms on computers guzzles shocking amounts of energy: The biggest models consume nearly as much power as five cars over their lifetimes. Enter neuromorphic computing, a closer match to the design principles and physics of our brains that could become the energy-saving future of AI. Instead of shuttling data over long distances between a central processing unit and memory chips, neuromorphic designs imitate the architecture of the jelly-like mass in our heads, with computing units (neurons) placed next to memory (stored in the synapses that connect neurons). To make them even more brain-like, researchers combine neuromorphic chips with analog computing, which can process continuous signals, just like real neurons.

Artificial intelligence (AI) could soon get a boost from a new type of computer chips inspired by the human brain. Researchers at Purdue University have built a new piece of hardware that can be reprogrammed on demand through electrical pulses. The team claims that this adaptability would allow the device to take on all of the necessary functions to build a brain-inspired computer. It's part of an ongoing effort to build AI systems that can learn continuously. "When AI systems learn continually in the environment, they can adapt to a world that changes over time," Stevens Institute of Technology AI expert Jordan Suchow told Lifewire in an email interview.

Future developments in artificial intelligence will profit from the existence of novel, non-traditional substrates for brain-inspired computing. Neuromorphic computers aim to provide such a substrate that reproduces the brain's capabilities in terms of adaptive, low-power information processing. We present results from a prototype chip of the BrainScaleS-2 mixed-signal neuromorphic system that adopts a physical-model approach with a 1000-fold acceleration of spiking neural network dynamics relative to biological real time. Using the embedded plasticity processor, we both simulate the Pong arcade video game and implement a local plasticity rule that enables reinforcement learning, allowing the on-chip neural network to learn to play the game. The experiment demonstrates key aspects of the employed approach, such as accelerated and flexible learning, high energy efficiency and resilience to noise.